Karim Mezran is Senior Resident Fellow for North Africa at the Rafik Hariri Centre for the Middle East at the Atlantic Council. He is also an adjunct professor of Middle Eastern studies at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). He was previously director of the American Studies Centre in Rome. His recent publications include Libya: Negotiations for Transition in Arab Spring: Negotiating in the Shadow of the Intifadat, Libya in Political and Constitutional Transitions in North Africa: Actors and Factors, and Libya in Transition: from Jamahiriya to Jumhuriyyah? in The New Middle East: Protest and Revolution in the Arab World.