One hundred years after its foundation, Turkey finds itself having to choose between the consolidation of democracy and the affirmation of authoritarianism. Recep Tayip Erdogan and his AKP, a religiously inspired party that has held power for twenty years, promise the construction of a “new” country in exchange for a progressive centralization of power. How are they carrying out this project? By promoting which breaks and in the wake of which continuities? At the cost of what constitutional regressions? Bringing together the history and institutions of the Turkish state, this book clarifies the scenarios of a crucial country in terms of size, geopolitical position and relations with the European continent.