The energy transition is no longer just a technological challenge, but a race against time played out on deeply political terrain. As the window to keep global warming within safe limits narrows, states must balance climate ambitions, energy security, and economic competitiveness — goals that are often in tension, as shown by the geopolitical turbulence of recent years, from the war in Ukraine to crises in the Middle East, which have placed dependence on fossil fuels back at the center of the debate.
This panel explores the dual nature of the energy transition: on one hand, the promise of a more sustainable and resilient development model; on the other, the political, industrial, and social resistance slowing its implementation. The discussion will address how to reconcile climate urgency with economic stability and security of supply, and what role Europe and Italy can play in a global competition over green technologies dominated by the United States and China.
The session will offer the audience a critical reading of what it truly means to “win” the energy transition today, amid ambitious promises and concrete political constraints.
